Light contains spectrum of several colors within it, some contains even full spectrum of all possible colors like for example sunlight thus giving plant all info they have and all that plant need. Sunlight also seen as color-free to you, correct? That’s cause of that.
When manufacturers make LED lamp, they choose what to out inside depending on what they want to achieve with that LED for plant growth. For example, they want tall growth, then we need to add green, yellow, far-red and orange chips inside. If we want some plants to be compact, then ultraviolet or blue chips needed for that. You could search more info on the web why they need exact these colors for that. To be short manufacturers know that these responses located in the plant DNA and they take that in account when making LED chips.
Most important colors located in LED are blue and red. Red – main thing needed for photosynthesis and stem elongation and let plants know there are no neighbor plants. Blue – response for same stem elongation and photoperiodic flowering and leaf expansion. If we give both 2 lights of those, we simply switch our plant to vegetative stage and then to bulbs and flowering, but it will be much slower than it will be with light contains not only blue and red, but some else. If for example green will be added it will make it leaf and stem expansion which will get higher yield accumulation. If ultraviolet will be added it will give compounds generation like phenolic which effects flavor qualities of result and health abilities to humans. However, money wise making it only blue plus red making it cheap and money wise, so most LED companies make it only that combination. You probably may not even realize it, but red chips are made long time ago already and you have it in your TV remote, PC, other tech gadgets. Blue chips appeared first somewhere in start of 1990’s and both chips are good for plant growth. It’s just like pointing your TV remote to plant to make it grow;) Totally same. You can easily buy such LED chips basically anywhere, China comes first probably. And finally, with combination of that colors we get that magic pink or purple that we usually see in LED industry as common light. Easy explanation, but some more present….
Why it’s so hard to look at that purple LED light just like at sunlight?
There is such thing as Color Rendering Index – it shows how comfortable light should be to human eye. There is even authority which determine and set standards for it, some illumination international commission which deals with all that colors, light spectrum and color spaces. CRI basically define how colors looks under different lightning, how natural i.e. Natural here equals to color free such as sunlight for example or some variants of incandescent and make it possible for human eye to read all shades of color from some object.
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If we take so-called High-Pressure Sodium lamps – competitor of LED it has CRI of like 30 in average while our home light with incandescent light will be close to 100. If CRI is less than fifty have difficulties to show true colors of objects while more than fifty is totally opposite. That’s why street light using HPS is always look yellow or so while if government use incandescent on some street you clearly see the difference.
LED lamps which made of cheap blue-red chips have CRI value of zero. You will not see true colors of objects under that light. For example, lettuce will look totally purple under it. It’s not harmful, but it’s not possible to do any work under that light. It also make it impossible to research plant for diseases and may some insects.